What Does HMO Market Share Measure? Examining Provider Choice Restrictions

Do "any willing provider" and "freedom of choice" laws affect HMO market share?

This study examines the effects of "any willing provider" (AWP) and "freedom of choice" (FOC) laws on the market share of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in metropolitan statistical areas over the period 1989-95. We use pooled cross-section time-series regression techniques with year and state fixed effects. HMO market share is hypothesized to be a function of state laws, market charact...

Growth in HMO share of the Medicare market, 1989-1994.

Between 1989 and 1994 the health maintenance organization (HMO) share of the Medicare market grew rapidly. It is still heavily concentrated geographically, however. The most influential factor in this growth is HMO penetration into an area's general health care market. Medicare payment rates and prior Medicare HMO penetration also have an impact, but their effects are much weaker. Thus, payment...

HMO Participation in Medicare+Choice

In recent years, many health maintenance organizations (HMOs) have exited Medicare+Choice (M+C), the program that provides a managed-care option to Medicare. This paper answers the following questions: How does the equilibrium number of HMOs participating in county M+C markets vary with the capitation payment they are offered? How large a payment is required at the margin to ensure that various...

What does % V actually measure ?

The system of classifying languages by their rhythmic patterning traditionally and historically characterizes the patterns in terms of three groups. One group includes the so-called “stress-timed” languages like English, German, and Dutch, which are perceived as having equal intervals between stresses, and are described as sounding rhythmically like Morse code (James 1940). A second rhythmic cl...

What does cerebral oximetry measure?